CDL Practice Tests: Flatbed Cargo Securement
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Go!When calculating directional forces, 'g' is expressed as:
- The acceleration due to gravity, 9.823 m/sec2 (32.2 ft/sec2). For cargo securement purposes it is expressed as a percentage of cargo weight, i.e. .5g is 50% of force of gravity or 50% of cargo weight.
- The summation of the working load limits or restraining capacity of all devices used to secure an article on a vehicle.
- The maximum load that may be applied to a component of a cargo securement system during normal service, usually assigned by the manufacturer of the component.
- The maximum load that may be applied to a component of a cargo securement system during normal service, usually assigned by the manufacturer of the component.
g:
The acceleration due to gravity, 9.823 m/sec2 (32.2 ft/sec2). For cargo securement purposes it is expressed as a percentage of cargo weight, i.e. .5g is 50% of force of gravity or 50% of cargo weight.
Cargo is contained when:
- It is packed in a square box.
- It fills a void between articles of cargo and the structure of the vehicle that has sufficient strength to prevent movement of the articles of cargo.
- it fills a sided vehicle, and every article is in contact with or sufficiently close to a wall or other articles so that it cannot shift or tip if those other articles are also unable to shift or tip.
- It is loaded on the end of the truck.
Contained:
Cargo is contained if it fills a sided vehicle, and every article is in contact with or sufficiently close to a wall or other articles so that it cannot shift or tip if those other articles are also unable to shift or tip.
A bulkhead is defined as:
- A structure, device, or another substantial article placed against or around an article to prevent horizontal movement of the article.
- A vertical barrier across a vehicle to prevent forward movement of cargo.
- A vertical barrier across the front of the deck of a vehicle to prevent forward movement of cargo.
- A vertical barrier placed directly behind the cab of a tractor to protect the cab in the event cargo should shift forward.
Bulkhead:
A vertical barrier across a vehicle to prevent forward movement of cargo.
When loading and securing a boulder, it should be:
- All of these are requirements.
- Placed on the vehicle with its largest or flattest side down.
- Supported on at least 2 pieces of 4in x 4in hardwood blocking, extending the full width of the boulder.
- Placed on symmetrical hardwood blocking that extends 3/4 of the length of the boulder.
Requirements
Place each boulder on the vehicle with its flattest and/or largest side down.
Support each boulder on at least two pieces of hardwood blocking (at least 10 cm x 10 cm (4 x 4 in) that extend the full width of the boulder.
Place hardwood blocking pieces as symmetrically as possible under the boulder so they support at least 3/4 of the length of the boulder.
What is the Aggregate WLL of the securement system for a load secured with 7 tiedowns: 3 rated at WLL of 4,000 lbs, 2 at 6,500, and 1 at 8,000?
- 33,000 lbs
- 8,250 lbs
- 16,500 lbs
- 10,000 lbs
How do you calculate Aggregate Working Load Limit for tiedowns?
To calculate Aggregate Working Load limit, add together:
- 50% of the WLL of each end section of a tiedown that is attached to an anchor point.
- 50% of the WLL of each end section that is attached to the cargo
When banding paper rolls with eyes vertical, you should:
- Apply bands loosely.
- Secure bands with tape, hangers, or other means.
- Spread rolls apart from each other.
- All of these are necessary.
Banding
If paper rolls are banded together:
- Place rolls tightly against each other to form a stable group.
- Apply bands tightly.
- Secure bands with tape, hangers, or other means so that the bands cannot fall off the rolls or slide down to the deck.
What is the presumed resistance to horizontal movement of friction mats?
- 50% of cargo weight.
- 0
- 100% of cargo weight.
- 20% of cargo weight.
Note: Friction mats, which are not marked by the manufacturer, are assumed to provide a resistance to horizontal movement equal to 50% of the cargo weight that is resting on the mat.
When securing paper rolls with eyes vertical in a sided vehicle all of the following are acceptable except:
- Placing the rolls against each other.
- Placing the rolls against other cargo.
- Placing rolls against the doors.
- Placing rolls against the front and walls of the vehicle.
- Place paper rolls together in a group so that the structure of the group can be maintained.
- Place paper rolls against:
- The front and walls of the vehicle
- Each other
- Other cargo
Cargo securement for a load weighing 37,000 lbs must be able to withstand a minimum forward braking force of:
- 18,500 lbs
- 7,400 lbs
- 10,000 lbs
- 29,600 lbs
How well must the securement system work? (Section 1.3)
Each cargo securement system must be able to withstand a minimum amount of force in each direction.
- Forward Force = 80% of cargo weight when braking while driving straight ahead.
- Rearward Force = 50% of cargo weight when accelerating, shifting gears while climbing a hill, or braking in reverse.
- Sideways Force = 50% of cargo weight when turning, changing lanes, or braking while turning.
-
Upward Force = 20% of cargo weight when traveling over bumps in the road or cresting a hill.
- This requirement is satisfied when the cargo is "Fully Contained."
Which of the following is not a requirement for shortwood loaded lengthwise?
- Heavier logs must be stacked on top.
- Must be cradled in a bunk or contained by stakes.
- Logs should be centered in the bunk.
- Each outside log bearing against stakes should extend at least 6 in beyond the stakes at each end.
Requirements for shortwood loaded lengthwise
- Shortwood must be cradled in a bunk or contained by stakes.
- Logs should be centered in the bunk.
- Each outside log bearing against stakes should extend at least 0.15 m (6 in) beyond the stakes at each end.
About The Flatbed Cargo Securement CDL Manual
Studying the flatbed cargo securement CDL manual is not a requirement for getting your CDL permit or license. It is required knowledge for flatbed drivers.
Some questions you should be able to answer for flatbed cargo securement:
- What is the minimum Working Load Limit of a tiedown used to secure logs?
- What is the minimum weight of a shipment of paper rolls that would require specific securement requirements?
- When securing concrete pipe over 45 inches loaded crosswise, which direction must the tiedowns on the front half of the load run?
- What is a cab shield?
- When securing concrete pipe over 45 inches loaded crosswise, which direction must the tiedowns on the rear half of the load run?
- What is a dunnage bag?
- Who is responsible for inspecting securing devices and cargo within the first 50 miles?
- How many tiedowns are required on a stack of shortwood loaded crosswise?
- What is the minimum working load limit of each tiedown used to secure crushed or flattened vehicles?
- Define 'bolster'
- What is a hook-lift container?
- When a tiedown is attached directly to the cargo, what is the ideal angle where it attached to the vehicle?
What is a securing device?
Any device specifically manufactured to attach or secure cargo to a vehicle or trailer:
- Synthetic Webbing
- Chain
- Wire rope
- Manila rope
- Synthetic rope
- Steel strapping
- Clamps and latches
- Blocking
- Front-end structure
- Grab hooks
- Binders
- Shackles
- Winches
- Stake pockets
- D-rings
- Webbing ratchet
- Bracing
- Friction mat
What is a tiedown?
A combination of securing devices that forms an assembly that:
- Attaches cargo to, or restrains cargo on a vehicle.
- Is attached to anchor point(s).
Some tiedowns are attached to the cargo and provide direct resistance to restrain the cargo from movement.
Some tie-downs pass over or through the cargo. They create a downward force that increases the effect of friction between the cargo and the deck. This friction restrains the cargo.
Related Cargo Securement Terms That Every Driver Should Know:
-
Tiedown:
A combination of securing devices which form an assembly that attaches cargo to, or restrains cargo on, a vehicle or trailer, and is attached to anchor point(s).
-
Contained:
Cargo is contained if it fills a sided vehicle, and every article is in contact with or sufficiently close to a wall or other articles so that it cannot shift or tip if those other articles are also unable to shift or tip.
-
Blocking:
A structure, device, or another substantial article placed against or around an article to prevent horizontal movement of the article.
How should tiedowns be attached?
Tiedowns can be used in two ways:
-
Attached to the cargo:
- Tiedowns attached to the vehicle and attached to the cargo.
- Tiedowns attached to the vehicle, pass through or aroundan article of cargo, and then are attached to the vehicle again.
-
Pass over the cargo:
- Tiedowns attached to the vehicle, passed over the cargo, and then attached to the vehicle again.
Tiedown placement:
Place the tiedown as close as possible to the spacer.
Position the tiedowns as symetrically as possible over the length of the article.
Position the tiedowns to preserve the integrity of the article.
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