Flatbed Cargo Securement Practice Questions
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The definition for "shortwood" identifies pieces that are no longer than:
- Half the length of the trailer.
- 16 ft
- 75 in
- The width of the road.
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From The CDL Manual
Shortwood
- Normally up to about 2.5 m (100 in) in length.
- No longer than 4.9 m (16 ft) in length.
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Also called:
- Cut-up logs
- Cut-to-length logs
- Bolts
- Pulpwood
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In what circumstance can shortwood be treated as longwood?
- Right after it is cut down.
- When it is stacked long-ways on the trailer.
- When it is painted green on the ends.
- When it is embedded in a stack of longwood.
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From The CDL Manual
What's in a stack?
Some stacks may be made up of both shortwood and longwood. Any stack that includes shortwood must follow the shortwood securement requirements.
Exception: If shortwood is embedded in load of longwood, it can be treated as longwood.
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What is the minimum WLL of a tiedown used to secure logs?
- 4,000 lb
- 50% of cargo weight
- It depends on if you are hauling shortwood or longwood
- 1,800 lb
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From The CDL Manual
- Use tiedowns in combination with bunks, stakes, or standards and bolsters to secure the load.
- All tiedowns must have a working load limit not less than 1,800 kg (4,000 lb.).
- Tension tiedowns as tightly as possible but not beyond their working load limit.
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As part of the log packing requirements:
- Each inside log on the side of a stack of logs must touch at least two bunks, bolsters, stakes, or standards.
- The center of the highest log on each side or end must be above the top of each stake, bunk, or standard.
- Outer bottom logs must be in contact with and rest solidly against bunks, bolsters, stakes, or standards.
- Logs must be loosely packed.
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From The CDL Manual
Packing requirements
- Logs must be solidly packed.
- Outer bottom logs must be in contact with and rest solidly against bunks, bolsters, stakes, or standards.
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Each outside log on the side of a stack of logs must touch at least two bunks, bolsters, stakes, or standards. If one end of the log doesn't touch a stake:
- It must rest on other logs in a stable manner.
- It must extend beyond the stake, bunk, bolster, or standard.
- The center of the highest log on each side or end must be below the top of each stake, bunk, or standard.
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How many tiedowns are required on a stack of shortwood loaded crosswise?
- 1
- 3
- 2
- It depends on the weight
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From The CDL Manual
Tiedowns requirements
Use two tiedowns to secure one stack of shortwood loaded crosswise.
Attach the tiedowns to the vehicle frame at the front and rear of the load.
Position tiedowns approximately 1/3 and 2/3 of the length of the logs.
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Requirements for securing two stacks of shortwood loaded side-by-side include:
- At least one tiedown is used lengthwise across each stack.
- All of these are required.
- The highest log is no more than 8 ft above the deck.
- There is no space between the stacks of logs.
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From The CDL Manual
Additional requirements securement for two stacks side-by-side
In addition to the requirements for shortwood loaded crosswise, load two stacks side-by-side so that:
- There is no space between the stacks of logs.
- The outside of each stack is raised at least 2.5 cm (1 in) within 10 cm (4 in) of the end of the logs or from the side of the vehicle.
- The highest log is no more than 2.44 m (8 ft) above the deck.
- At least one tiedown is used lengthwise across each stack.
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All of the following are requirements for dividing vehicles over 33ft except:
- Vehicle must be divided by center stakes into sections of staggered length.
- Each tiedown must secure the highest log on each side of the center stake.
- Vehicle must be equipped with center stakes or comparable devices.
- Each tiedown must be fastened below the logs on each side of the center stake.
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From The CDL Manual
Requirements for dividing vehicles over 10m (33 ft)
Vehicles over 10 m (33 ft) must be equipped with center stakes, or comparable devices, to divide it into sections of equal length.
Each tiedown must:
- Secure the highest log on each side of the center stake.
- Be fastened below these logs.
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Which of the following is not a requirement for shortwood loaded lengthwise?
- Heavier logs must be stacked on top.
- Logs should be centered in the bunk.
- Must be cradled in a bunk or contained by stakes.
- Each outside log bearing against stakes should extend at least 6 in beyond the stakes at each end.
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From The CDL Manual
Requirements for shortwood loaded lengthwise
- Shortwood must be cradled in a bunk or contained by stakes.
- Logs should be centered in the bunk.
- Each outside log bearing against stakes should extend at least 0.15 m (6 in) beyond the stakes at each end.
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A stack of shortwood loaded lengthwise can be secured with one tiedown if:
- They are blocked in the back by the vehicle's end structure or another stack of logs.
- They are blocked in the front by a headboard or another stack of logs.
- All of these apply.
- All logs in the stack are less than 10 ft long.
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From The CDL Manual
One tiedown
A stack can be secured with one tiedown if all logs in the stack less than 3.04 m (10 ft) are:
- Blocked in the front by a headboard strong enough to restrain the load or by another stack of logs.
- Blocked in the rear by the vehicle's end structure or another stack of logs.
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The aggregate WLL for logs loaded lengthwise must be at least:
- 1/2 the weight of the load.
- 4,000 lbs
- 1/2 the weight of the stack.
- 1/6 the weight of the stack.
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From The CDL Manual
Working load limit for longwood and shortwood loaded lengthwise
The aggregate working load limit for all tiedowns must be no less than 1/6 the weight of the stack of logs.
Note: This requirement is much less than the general requirement of an aggregate working load limit equal to 1/2 the weight of the load. This lowered requirement recognizes that the bunks/stakes help to prevent slippage.
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